Juridical Expansion in the Formation of Wasiat Wajibah in the Indonesian School of Thought: A Contemporary Ijtihad Approach to Family Justice
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The development of wasiat wajibah in Indonesian Islamic inheritance law initially aimed to benefit adoptive parents and adopted children of the deceased. However, over time, the scope of wasiat wajibah has expanded juridically, not only being granted to these parties but also encompassing a broader range through court decisions and new regulations. Consequently, in Indonesia, wasiat wajibah is no longer singular. The aim of this study is to examine the concept of wasiat wajibah within the context of Islamic inheritance law and to examine the practice of granting wasiat wajibah as it has been implemented in Indonesia. This will enable the identification of the juridical expansion of wasiat wajibah and facilitate the formulation of a new, distinctly Indonesian concept of wasiat wajibah, known as the Indonesian School of Wasiat Wajibah. The research method employed is normative juridical, with data collected through document analysis of several court decisions and related regulations, as well as library research. The study's conclusions that the Indonesian School of Wasiat Wajibah is a will established through a court decision for those who did not inherit since they were not bequeathed anything by the deceased throughout their lives. This provision serves as a means to secure a portion of the estate for such individuals. There are four criteria for recipients of wasiat wajibah: 1) During their lifetime, the deceased did not leave them a will, 2) They are not entitled to inherit as legitimate heirs, 3) They have a close familial relationship with the deceased, 4) The provision is intended to maintain good family relations and prevent discord among family members after the deceased's passing. One-third (1/3) of the estate is the most that can be given to the wasiat wajibah recipient. However, as long as it stays within the allotted amount, it might be distributed in an equal portion as though the recipient were an heir.
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