Menata Arsitektur Keadilan Digital: Rekonstruksi Ekosistem Online Dispute Resolution dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia
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Digital transformation has reshaped the administration of justice by promoting the emergence of digital justice, particularly through the implementation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). Although Indonesian legislation provides a normative basis for electronic dispute resolution, the existing regulatory framework remains fragmented and has yet to establish an integrated ODR ecosystem. This study aims to examine the legal position of ODR within the Indonesian legal system and to reconstruct its ecosystem as a foundation for digital justice architecture. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through systematic and prescriptive interpretation based on Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory. The findings reveal that while ODR has obtained normative legal recognition, its implementation is constrained by fragmented regulations, institutional limitations, inadequate digital infrastructure, insufficient artificial intelligence governance, and uneven legal culture. As its principal contribution, this study proposes a reconstructed ODR ecosystem model that integrates legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture with interoperable digital infrastructure, personal data protection, artificial intelligence governance, and digital legal literacy. The proposed model provides a conceptual framework for developing Indonesia's digital justice architecture to enhance legal certainty, efficiency, transparency, accountability, and broader access to justice.
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